Eighty eyes of 40 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and 46 eyes of 23 healthy individuals were included to comparatively analyze the structural and functional tests used in the diagnosis and follow-up of glaucoma. Transient pattern electroretinography (PERG), steady-state PERG (ssPERG), computerized visual field (VF) screening, and examination of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness on optical coherence tomography (OCT) were undertaken. The results were compared between the groups.

Eighty eyes belonging to 40 patients with a diagnosis of POAG (23 female, 17 male) (18 mild, 22 moderate POAG) with a mean of 57.37 (±8.6) years, and 46 eyes of 23 healthy individuals (14 female, 9 male) with a mean age of 55.30 (±8.09) years were included in the study. PERG P50 and N95 and ssPERG latency revealed a significant delay in the POAG group. When the wave amplitudes were examined, they were found to be significantly lower in both PERG and sSPERG tests for the POAG group, but the results were more pronounced in ssPERG. The latency values of PERG and ssPERG tests were not significantly correlated with any of the parameters of the remaining tests. However, the amplitude values of these tests had a positive correlation with the mean deviation value and negative correlation with the pattern standard deviation value of VF. All associated parameters were significant for the amplitude value of the ssPERG test.

Researchers wrote that, for the proper management of glaucoma, rather than approaching damage simply as the loss of retinal ganglion cells or the neuroretinal rim, it is necessary to focus on the ongoing anatomical and functional relationship, and evaluate structural and functional tests together. They added that ssPERG test, which is not widely adopted in routine practice, provides valuable information and is significantly correlated with OCT parameters.

This study included new and older children diagnosed with childhood glaucoma (which included congenital glaucoma and developmental glaucoma) at a tertiary hospital of east India to study the perceptions, attitude, knowledge of the disease and impediments to seeking early eye care in caregivers of children with childhood glaucoma. The caregivers were administered a video-based questionnaire through open-ended questions intended to collect demographic and other personal details, such as the caregiver's socioeconomic status, knowledge, attitude towards eye health and other social barriers. The responses were analyzed using thematic analysis technique into different buckets such as social status, knowledge/attitude and sociocultural beliefs while individual responses in each bucket were analyzed.

Of a total of 43 patients included, >75% of patients came from places >200 km from the eye care center with >50% coming from >300 km. Most patients presented either <1 year (42%, n=18) or >3 years (52%, n=22) with only 2% (n=3) presenting between one and three years of age. The mother was the first person of contact to diagnose the eye abnormality in >45% of patients. Comparing differences among children who presented within one year of first diagnosis and those that presented later, caregivers hailing from long-distance >200 km from an eye care center, monthly income <5,000 INR, and those with social/cultural taboos (e.g., children's eyes should not be operated on) were more likely to seek delayed eye care for congenital glaucoma.

Investigators suggested that impediments in seeking early eye care for blinding diseases in children (including distance from the nearest hospital, low socioeconomic constraints and sociocultural beliefs/taboos) mandate serious policies toward improving education about eye disease and eye health among caregivers.

Researchers reported a rare case of indirect choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to a posterior-segment intraocular foreign body (IOFB) that was not located in the area of direct injury, but in the fovea. After intravitreal injections (IVIs) of aflibercept, the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesion disappeared and vision improved.

A 26-year-old male patient suffered from a fast-shot metallic IOFB in his right eye. He underwent primary corneal repair, pars plana vitrectomy, IOFB removal and an IVI of antibiotics in the right eye. Two weeks later, cataract surgery was performed on the right eye for traumatic cataract after an episode of acute phacolytic glaucoma. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the right eye improved to 20/20 five months after the first surgery. However, the vision of the right eye worsened suddenly with metamorphopsia one year after the first surgery. Color fundus images showed a whitish lesion with faint retinal hemorrhage and surrounding sensory elevation. Fluorescein angiography (FA) revealed a lesion with early- and late-phase severe leakage. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated a CNV lesion with surrounding subretinal fluid. The patient received an IVI of aflibercept every eight weeks, at three different visits. Finally, the BCVA of the right eye improved to 20/25.

Researchers advised that, for rare cases of fovea-spared injury by a metallic IOFB, it is necessary to pay close attention to the foveal microstructure to avoid possible CNV formation. They added that treatment with IVIs of anti-VEGF, aflibercept, as early as possible could provide good visual outcomes.