Ophthalmic products are a common but often overlooked contributor to allergic contact dermatitis. Frequency of allergenic ingredients in over-the-counter ophthalmic products has not been well characterized. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of allergenic ingredients in most commonly bought eye lubricants and contact lens solutions. A product list of Amazon.com's best-selling ophthalmic products was curated by searching for "Best Sellers in Eye Drops, Lubricants & Washes" and "Best Sellers in Contact Lens Care Products." For exploratory analysis, indication, price, consumer ratings, number of reviews, and FDA approval status were recorded. The products' ingredients were compiled using NLM DailyMed, and products that had one or more allergens or relevant cross-reactors on either the 2018 American Contact Dermatitis Society Core Allergen Series or the 2015-2016 North American Contact Dermatitis Group Standard Allergen Series were noted.

Forty-eight percent (n=49) of the total products, (57.8% [n=37] of eye lubricants, and 31.6% [n=12] of contact lens solutions) had one or more allergens or associated cross-reactors. Identified allergens were benzalkonium chloride, propylene glycol, sorbic acid, amidoamine, sorbitan sesquioleate, chlorhexidine digluconate, lanolin alcohol, parabens, benzyl alcohol and butylated hydroxytoluene.

Authors wrote that awareness of potential allergens is crucial to diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis to ophthalmic products and helping patients navigate online pharmacological chaos.

Researchers wrote that aerobic exercise (AE) has been reported to decrease intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy subjects, and there are concomitant morphological changes in the anterior segment of the eye including Schlemm's canal (SC). However, its effects on IOP and SC morphology in glaucoma patients had not been studied before. Researchers aimed to investigate the effect of AE on the IOP and SC dimension in both healthy and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes. The area and diameter of SC and IOP were measured in 35 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients (59 eyes) and 36 healthy subjects (72 eyes) before and after performing moderate intensity of AE by running on a treadmill for 30 minutes. SC was imaged by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) for evaluation.

In comparison with baseline values, mean IOP decreased significantly following AE in both POAG and healthy eyes, and POAG eyes showed a greater degree of reduction compared to healthy eyes. In comparison with baseline values, in both POAG and healthy eyes, the average cross-sectional area of SC (POAG: 80.48 ± 59.54 vs. 99.20 ± 54.87 pixels; healthy: 151.84 ± 52.76 vs. 198.23 ± 53.70 pixels) and diameter (POAG: 3.73 ± 1.69 vs. 4.33 ± 1.74 pixels; healthy: 5.61 ± 1.02 vs. 6.47 ± 1.20 pixels) significantly increased after AE. In POAG, both treated and untreated with IOP-lowering medications, a significant reduction in mean IOP and increase in SC dimensions following AE were observed, and there were no significant differences of such measurements between the two subgroups.

Researchers wrote that AE induced reduction in IOP and an increase in SC dimensions in POAG eyes as in healthy eyes. They added that further studies to evaluate the long-term effect of AE on IOP control and SC morphology in POAG seemed to be warranted.

Parameters of 24-hour rhythm in intraocular pressure (IOP) were assessed in patients with stable or advanced primary open-angle glaucoma (S-POAG/A-POAG) and referenced the phase of "marker" circadian temperature rhythm of each patient. Body temperature and IOP were measured over a 72-hour span in 115 participants (65 S-POAG and 50 A-POAG). Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage was assessed by high-definition optical coherence tomography.

Investigators found that the 24-hour IOP rhythm in A-POAG patients peaked during the night, opposite to the daytime phase position in S-POAG patients. The 24-hour IOP phase correlated with RGC loss. The internal phase shift between IOP and body temperature gradually increased with POAG progression. Angiotensin converting enzyme Alu-repeat deletion/insertion (ACE I/D) emerged as a candidate gene polymorphism, which may play a role in the alteration of the circadian IOP variability in advanced glaucoma.

Investigators concluded that a reliable estimation of the 24-hour rhythm in IOP requires the degree of RGC damage to be assessed. In advanced POAG, the 24-hour phase of IOP tended to occur during the night and correlated with RGC loss, being progressively delayed relative to the phase of temperature.