The purpose of this study was to assess contrast sensitivity and macular function testing in prediabetes. Participants ages 25 to 45 years with or without diabetes were enrolled and classified as normal, prediabetic and diabetic based on their HbA1C values. They underwent a comprehensive eye examination, and those with diabetic retinopathy, cataract, glaucoma and high myopia were excluded. Participants with best-corrected visual acuity of 0 logMAR were included. Contrast-sensitivity function (CSF) was measured using a Pelli-Robson chart, and photo stress-recovery time (PSRT) assessed using direct ophthalmoscopy for the 70 eligible participants. Mean values were compared among the three groups.

In the 70 participants, mean CSF was 1.71±0.10, 1.64±0.11 and 1.61±0.08 log units in the normal, prediabetic and diabetic groups, respectively. Similarly, PSRT was found to be 35.80 seconds, 41.63 seconds and 47.77 seconds in the normal, prediabetic and diabetic groups, respectively.

The data suggested that reduced CSF and delayed PSRT seen in subjects with prediabetes could give valuable clinical insight into early changes before diabetes and microvascular damage is incurred. A future study with a larger sample could help substantiate the results.

This study evaluated the performance and safety of the Extended Depth of Focus Implantable Collamer Lens (EDOF ICL) for improvement of uncorrected near, intermediate and distance visual acuity in phakic subjects with myopia and presbyopia. Presbyopic subjects who required an EDOF ICL in the range of -0.50D to -18.00D, exhibited ≤ 0.75D refractive astigmatism and required from +1.00 to +2.50D reading add were implanted bilaterally. Assessments at six months included uncorrected near, intermediate and distance visual acuities, defocus curves, contrast sensitivity, responses to the National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life Questionnaire and a Task Assessment Questionnaire.

A total of 34 subjects completed the study. Investigators targeted emmetropia in all eyes. Mean binocular uncorrected near, intermediate and distance visual acuities measured logMAR -0.01 ± 0.05 (20/20), -0.02 ± 0.08 (20/19) and 0.07 ± 0.10 (20/23), respectively. Mean monocular uncorrected near, intermediate and distance visual acuities measured logMAR 0.068 ± 0.09 (20/23), 0.062 ± 0.10 (20/23) and 0.16 ± 0.12 (20/29). There were no clinically or statistically significant differences in contrast sensitivity between baseline and six months under any testing conditions. Subjects reported significant improvements in measures of vision-related quality of life and ability to perform tasks at all distances without glasses or contact lenses. Overall, satisfaction with the EDOF ICL was high: Postoperatively, 91.2% of subjects were satisfied with their vision.

This multicenter, prospective clinical investigation demonstrated the ability of the EDOF ICL to correct myopia and presbyopia, resulting in improvement of uncorrected near, intermediate and distance visual acuity without compromising the quality of vision. The EDOF ICL allowed subjects to perform tasks of daily living without glasses or contact lenses. Subjects reported significant improvements in quality of life, with high levels of spectacle independence and satisfaction.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic idiopathic autoimmune disease. SLE can involve almost any part of the eyes. However, bilateral angle-closure glaucoma due to lupus choroidopathy that is accompanied by polyserositis and nephropathy is rare.

Researchers reported a 21-year-old woman whose clinical manifestations were diagnosed as bilateral angle-closure glaucoma caused by ciliochoroidal effusion. Subsequently, SLE and lupus nephritis were diagnosed on the basis of malar rash, photosensitivity, proteinuria, positive anti-Smith and anti-DNA antibodies, and a renal histopathological biopsy. After one month of treatment with steroids and immunosuppressive drugs, the patient's intraocular pressure returned to normal, visual acuity improved and lupus nephritis was effectively controlled.

Researchers wrote that bilateral secondary acute angle closure caused by SLE choroidal disease can be an ocular manifestation of SLE, and is usually accompanied by polyserositis and nephropathy. High-dose steroids and immunosuppressive therapy should be immediately and actively provided for this condition.